Teacher Digital Competencies in the Face of Educational Artificial Intelligence
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Abstract
This study analyzes the digital competencies required by teachers to integrate educational artificial intelligence (EAI) into teaching and learning processes. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach through a documentary bibliographic review, based on recent publications (2020–2025) in Spanish, retrieved from academic databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, and Dialnet. From this analysis, the fundamental dimensions of these competencies were identified: pedagogical use of technology, ethics and data security, information management and critical thinking, as well as innovation and creativity supported by AI. The findings show that teachers trained in these areas can personalize learning, interpret data generated by intelligent systems, and design innovative educational experiences. Challenges were also identified, such as resistance to change, lack of specific training, and inequalities in access to technology, along with opportunities to optimize educational processes through institutional support strategies and communities of practice. The analysis demonstrates that AI transforms the teacher’s role from content transmitter to critical mediator and data analyst, and highlights the importance of educational policies and training programs that strengthen these competencies. This study provides updated evidence on teacher preparation in the face of AI and proposes future research lines aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of training programs and exploring the ethical and pedagogical integration of AI in diverse contexts.
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Kerly Marisol Pita-Briones, Unidad Educativa San Jacinto - Ecuador
0009-0009-6884-0704
Master's Degree in Education, mention in Psychopedagogical Intervention, San Gregorio University, Portoviejo; Bachelor's Degree in Education, mention in Basic Education, University of Guayaquil; teacher at the San Jacinto Educational Unit.
Karen Esther Jiménez-Pin, Unidad Educativa San Jacinto - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9317-9615
Bachelor of Science in Education, major in Early Childhood Education, University of Guayaquil; teacher at San Jacinto Educational Unit.
Isabel Pamela Saldarriaga-Alvarado, Escuela Fiscal Remigio Crespo Toral - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7887-7386
She holds a degree in Education with a minor in Art from the State University of Guayaquil and teacher at the Remigio Crespo Toral Public School.
Sara Gabriela Meneses-López, Escuela de Educación Básica Jorge Villacrés Moscoso - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-6548
Master's degree in Education with an emphasis on Psychopedagogical Intervention from the Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo; a Master's degree in Neuropsychology, Multiple Intelligences, and Mindfulness from IMF Smart Education; and a Bachelor's degree in Education with an emphasis on Basic Education from the University of Guayaquil. I am a professor at the Jorge Villacrés Moscoso Elementary School
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