Antifungal Effects of Botanical Extracts on Mycelial Growth of Colletotrichum sp. In vitro, it causes anthracnose in avocado fruit.

Abstract

Currently, there are problems based on the control of Colletotrichum sp. In avocado fruits, it is for this reason that chemical fungicides are used to combat this fungus, however, extreme use generates significant environmental contamination and resistance in the fungi. As a response to this situation, the alternative use of botanical extracts has been chosen to facilitate its control, which is why the objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the essential oils of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), lemon verbena (Cymbopogon citratus) and black pepper (Piper nigrum), at 0.5% compared to oregano hydrolates (Origanum vulgare). cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), thyme (Thymus) in concentrations of 5% in the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp. in vitro conditions over a period of 10 days, through a statistical analysis. The methodology used is descriptive and explanatory (Mendoza & Hernández, 2018), with a field procedure, and with a qualitative and quantitative approach with a non-probabilistic sampling, in the procedure a total of 150 repetitions were made for each substance. 

The results obtained from the student's t show that the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the fungus occurs better when the oils are used than in the hydrolates with greater effectiveness in rosemary essential oil and lemon verbena essential oil, with AHL being the most effective in inhibiting the growth of the fungus. probably due to compounds presented as "geraniol, nerol, limonene, and citral, which has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties, finally it can be concluded that essential oils cause growth inhibition in fungi: Essential oils can inhibit the growth of fungi and reduce their ability to reproduce and spread damage to the cell membrane, which can lead to its death.