Impacto de la orientación macroeconómica en los retornos a la educación: evidencia para Ecuador, 2010-2021 Economía
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Desde que Becker, en 1964, plateó la idea acerca de la importancia que tiene la educación en el crecimiento económico, las investigaciones se han sucedido en diferentes ámbitos por su relevancia. En este artículo, analizamos los retornos de la inversión en la educación de los ecuatorianos, reflejados en sus salarios en el periodo 2010-2021, a través de una distinción de dos formas de inversión de acuerdo con la política pública: de 2010 a 2015, desarrollista, y de 2017 a 2021, liberal. Usamos un modelo de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios basado en la teoría de Mincer (1974) para mostrar que, en el periodo caracterizado por el incremento del gasto público, los retornos de la educación son más altos en al menos los niveles de bachillerato y superior. Esto coincide con los estudios que muestran que un aumento en la inversión en educación está relacionado con un incremento en el desarrollo.
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